Chemical doping of non-noble metals, on the other hand, has been proven in experiments to increase the gas-detecting characteristics of MOSs by changing morphologies and surface treatments.
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The fabrication of MOS gas sensors at a cheap cost and in large quantities requires the substitution of noble metals for materials that are free of noble metals. It is usual practice to combine nanostructured metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) materials with noble metal additions to enhance the gas-detecting capabilities of a sensor, notably its sensitivity. Since CuO is a p-type semiconducting material with a medium bandgap of 1.2–1.9 eV, it is well suited for use in the manufacturing of gas sensors that can function at temperatures in the moderate range. As a result, we have investigated how well a sensor based on CuO can detect CO 2. However, the selective detection of CO 2 gas continues to be a challenge for such sensors. The performance of metal oxides that are chemically and physically stable, such as ZnO, WO 3, and TiO 2, has been significantly improved. Researchers are becoming more interested in metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors as a result of their excellent long-term stability, compact size, and straightforward detection process. CO 2 gas may be detected using a variety of gas-monitoring devices, such as metal oxide semiconductors, conducting polymers, and metal oxide/polymer composites. As a result of this, it is necessary to build low-cost and high-sensitivity sensor devices that can detect the presence of hazardous gases in the surrounding environment. Carbon dioxide emissions have been associated with several negative effects, both on people and the environment. Emissions of carbon dioxide occur from a wide number of sources, such as the manufacturing of automobiles, the generation of electricity, the burning of fossil fuels, other industrial operations, and so on. CO 2 is well known as one of the most dangerous contaminants that may be released into the atmosphere. Because of the widespread use of industrial processes, the atmosphere now contains a variety of potentially harmful gases, including CO 2, NO 2, NO, and others. Researchers have developed various tools, such as gas sensors, air quality control, water purifiers, and so on, to address these difficulties and find solutions. The contamination of both the air and the water is particularly harmful, not only to people but also to the ecosystem. The four main types of environmental pollution are noise, water, air, and soil contamination.
In more recent times, environmental pollution has emerged as a significant issue as a direct result of the expansion of industrialization and the human population. In comparison to prior literature, the improved sensor is suited for use in industrial applications.
It shows excellent response and recovery times of 5.6 and 5.44 s. Selectivity, reusability, repeatability, detection limit, and quantification limit were all tested. By optimizing the sensor’s operating temperature, the sensor response value reached 82.2% at 150 ☌, which is approximately eight times the value at RT. At varied CO 2 gas flow rates, the maximum sensor response (9.4%) and R air/R CO2 ratio (1.12) at room temperature (RT = 30 ☌) were observed at 100 SCCM. Because of its nanoporous nature, the CuO:6% Ba thin film exhibited the most substantial nanomorphological change and the highest gas sensing capability. According to the structural and morphological analyses, the nanocrystalline films consisted of irregularly shaped nanoparticles, which assembled to form a rough surface with unequal grain sizes. Utilizing various techniques, crystallographic structures, nanomorphologies, and elemental compositions were examined to assess the impact of doping on the characteristics of the films. For CO 2 gas sensing applications, Ba-doped CuO thin films with 4 mol% and 6 mol% Ba were produced on glass substrates using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction approach.
For a safe environment, harmful-gas sensors of low cost and high performance are essential.
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